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21st minute - Duje Cop - Dinamo (v Istra 1961, July 26th)
Great strike from the Modri striker as he scores a fluke goal.

Maribor

This article is about the city in Slovenia. For its football club, see NK Maribor.

Maribor (pronounced [?ma??ib??] ( listen); German: Marburg an der Drau) is the second-largest city in Slovenia with about 114,487 inhabitants in 2013. Maribor is also the largest city of the traditional region of Lower Styria and the seat of the City Municipality of Maribor. In 2000, Maribor was given the Alpine Town of the Year award. Association football club NK Maribor is based in the city.

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Name

Maribor was attested in historical sources as Marpurch circa 1145 (and later as Marchburch, Marburc, and Marchpurch), and is a compound of Middle High German march 'march (borderland)' + burc 'fortress'. In modern times, the town's German name was Marburg an der Drau (literally, 'Marburg on the Drava River'). The Slovene name Maribor is an artificial Slovenized creation, coined by Stanko Vraz in 1836. Vraz created the name in the spirit of Illyrianism by analogy with the name Brandenburg (cf. Lower Sorbian Bramborska). Locally, the town is known in Slovene as Marprk or Marprog.[3] In addition to its Slovene and German names, the city is also known as Marburgum in Latin and Marburgo in Italian.

History

In 1164, a castle known as Castrum Marchburch ("March Castle") was documented in the March of Drava.



The castle was originally built on Piramida Hill,

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which is located just above the city. Maribor was first mentioned as a market near the castle in 1204, and received town privileges in 1254.[citation needed] It began to grow rapidly after the victory of Rudolf I of the Habsburg dynasty over King Otakar II of Bohemia in 1278.[citation needed] Maribor withstood sieges by Matthias Corvinus in 1480/1481 and by the Ottoman Empire in 1532 and 1683.[citation needed]


King Otakar II of Bohemia



Jewish people living in Maribor were first mentioned in 1277. However, it is suggested that at that time there was already a Jewish quarter in the city. Notwithstanding, the first reliable source for Jewish citizens appeared in 1317.

The Jewish ghetto was located in the southeastern part of the city and it comprised, at its peak, several main streets in the city centre including part of the main city square.

The ghetto had a synagogue, a Jewish cemetery and also a Talmud school. The Talmud scholar and Halakhist Israel Isserlein was the chief Rabbi of Carinthia, Styria, and Carniola, and spent most of his life as a resident of the city.

The Jewish community of Maribor was numerically at its apex around 1410. After 1450 the circumstances changed dramatically: increasing competition that coincided with an economic crisis dealt a severe blow to the economic activities that were crucial to their economic success. According to a decree issued by Emperor Maximilian I in 1496, Jews were forced to leave the city of Maribor. Restrictions on settlement and business for Jews remained in power until 1861.

Emperor Maximilian I



In April 1941, Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia, and Lower Styria was annexed by the Third Reich. The Jews of Maribor were deported to concentration camps from late spring 1941 onward.

Maribor synagogue is one of the oldest existing synagogues of Europe, and one of only two left in Slovenia.

In 1900 the city had a population that was 82.3% Austrian Germans and 17.3% Slovenes (based on the language spoken at home); most of the city's capital and public life was in Austrian German hands.

Thus, it was mainly known by its Austrian name Marburg an der Drau.



According to the last Austro-Hungarian census in 1910, the city of Maribor and the suburbs Studenci (Brunndorf), Pobrežje (Pobersch), Tezno (Thesen), Radvanje (Rothwein), Kr?evina (Kartschowin), and Košaki (Leitersberg) was inhabited by 31,995 Austrian Germans (including German-speaking Jews) and only 6,151 ethnic Slovenes. The surrounding area however was populated almost entirely by Slovenes, although many Austrian Germans lived in smaller towns like Ptuj.

During World War I many Slovenes in the Carinthia and Styria were detained on suspicion of being enemies of the Austrian Empire. This led to distrust between Austrian Germans and Slovenes. After the collapse of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in 1918, Maribor was claimed by both the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs and German Austria.

On 1 November 1918, a meeting was held by Colonel Anton Holik in the Melje barracks, where it was decided that the German-speaking city should be part of German Austria. Ethnic Slovene Major Rudolf Maister, who was present at the meeting, denounced the decision and organised Slovenian military units that were able to seize control of the city. All Austrian officers and soldiers were disarmed and demobilised to the new German Austria state. The city council then held a secret meeting, where it was decided to do whatever possible to regain Maribor for German Austria. They organised a military unit called the Green Guard (Schutzwehr), and approximately 400 well-armed soldiers of this unit opposed the pro-Slovenian and pro-Yugoslav Major Maister. Slovenian troops surprised and disarmed the Green Guard early in the morning of 23 November. Thereafter, there was no threat to the authority of Rudolf Maister in the city.



On 27 January 1919 Austrian Germans gathered to await the United States peace delegation at the city's marketplace were fired upon by Slovenian troops, who apparently feared the thousands of ethnic German citizens. Nine citizens were killed and some eighteen were seriously wounded;[citation needed] who had actually ordered the shooting has never been unequivocally established.

German sources accused Maister's troops of shooting without cause. In turn Slovene witnesses such as Maks Pohar claimed that the Austrian Germans attacked the Slovenian soldiers guarding the Maribor city hall. Regardless of who was responsible, the Austrian German victims all had been without any arms.[citation needed] The German-language media called the incident Marburg's Bloody Sunday.

Marburg's Bloody Sunday.



As Maribor was now firmly in the hands of the Slovenian forces and surrounded completely by Slovenian territory; the city had been recognised as part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes without a plebiscite in the Treaty of Saint-Germain of 10 September 1919 between the victors and German Austria.

After 1918 most of Maribor's Austrian Germans left the Kingdom of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs for Austria. These included the German-speaking officials who had not been from the region. Austrian German schools, clubs, and organizations were ordered closed by the new state of Yugoslavia, even though ethnic Germans still made up more than 25% of the city's total population as late as the 1930s.

A policy of cultural assimilation was pursued in Yugoslavia against the Austrian German minority similar to the Germanization policy followed by Austria against its Slovene minority in Carinthia. However, in the late 1930s the policy was abandoned and the Austrian German minority's position improved significantly in an attempt to gain better diplomatic relations with Nazi Germany.

World War II and aftermath

In 1941 Lower Styria, the predominantly Yugoslav part of Styria, was annexed by Nazi Germany. German troops marched into the town at 9 pm on 8 April 1941.

On 26 April Adolf Hitler, who encouraged his followers to "make this land German again", visited Maribor and a grand reception was organised in the city castle by the local Germans. Immediately after the occupation, Nazi Germany began mass expulsions of Slovenes to the Independent State of Croatia, Serbia, and later to the concentration and work camps in Germany. The Nazi goal was to re-Germanize the population of Lower Styria after the war.[citation needed] Many Slovene patriots were taken hostage and some are believed to have been shot later in the prisons of Maribor and Graz.[citation needed] This led to organised partisans resistance.[citation needed]. Maribor was the site of a German prisoner-of-war camp from 1941 to 1945 for many British, Australian, and New Zealand troops who had been captured in Crete in 1941.

The city, a major industrial centre with an extensive armament industry, was systematically bombed by the Allies in the closing years of World War II. A total of 29 bombing raids devastated some 47% of the city area, killing 483 civilians and leaving over 4,200 people homeless. Over 2,600 people died in Maribor during the war.

By the end of the war, Maribor was the most war-damaged major town of Yugoslavia. The remaining German-speaking population, except those who had actively supported the resistance during the war, was summarily expelled at the end of the war in May 1945.

At the same time Croatian Home Guard members and their relatives who tried to escape from Yugoslavia were executed by the Yugoslav Army. The existence of nine mass graves in and near Maribor was revealed after Slovenia's independence.

Postwar period

After the Second World War, Maribor made good use of its proximity to Austria and its workforce, and developed into a major transit- and cultural centre of northern Slovenia, which had been enabled by Tito's decision not to build an Iron Curtain at the borders with Austria and Italy and to provide passports to all Yugoslav citizens.



When Slovenia seceded from Yugoslavia in 1991, the loss of the Yugoslav market severely strained the city's economy, which was based on heavy industry. The city saw a record unemployment rate of nearly 25%. After Slovenia entered the European Union in 2004, introduced the Euro currency in 2007, and joined the Schengen treaty, all of the border controls between Slovenia and Austria ceased on 25 December 2007. The economic situation of Maribor after the mid-1990s crisis worsened again with the onset of global economic crisis combined with the European sovereign-debt crisis.

In 2012, Maribor saw the beginning of 2012–13 Maribor protests which spread into 2012–2013 Slovenian protests. During the year 2012 Maribor was one of two European Capitals of Culture. The following year Maribor was the European Youth Capital.

Catholic Church

Maribor, previously in the Catholic Diocese of Graz-Seckau, became part of the Diocese of Lavant on 1 June 1859, and the seat of its Prince-Bishop. The name of the diocese (after a river in Carinthia) was later changed to the Diocese of Maribor on 5 March 1962. It was elevated to an archdiocese by Pope Benedict XVI on 7 April 2006.

Contemporary culture

The city hosts the University of Maribor, established in 1975, and many other schools. Maribor is also home to an old grapevine, called Žametovka, which is more than 400 years old.



Žametovka



Maribor is the hometown of NK Maribor, a Slovenian football team. This club participated in the UEFA Champions League in the 1999–2000 and 2014–15 seasons, and in the UEFA Europa League in the 2011–12, 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons.

Every January the skiing resort of Mariborsko Pohorje, situated on the outskirts of the city on the slopes of the Pohorje mountain range, hosts the women's slalom and giant slalom races for the Alpine Skiing World Cup known as Zlata lisica (The Golden Fox). Every June the two-week Festival Lent (named after the waterfront district called Lent) is held, with hundreds of musical, theatrical and other events.

Festival Lent opening



The most listened radio stations transmitting from Maribor are the commercial radio stations Radio City and Radio Net FM. They are followed by the national non-commercial Radio Maribor.

Sport

In November 2012 Maribor hosted the World Youth Chess Championship, with Garry Kasparov as the guest-of-honour. It was presumed that Maribor would host the XXVI 2013 Winter Universiade, but the Government of Slovenia refused any financial support for this project in February 2012 due to major financial problems. As a result, in March 2012 the International University Sports Federation decided that it would organise the Universiade elsewhere.

Association football club NK Maribor, playing in the Slovenian Prva Liga, plays its home matches at the Ljudski vrt stadium in Maribor. Maribor's handball club is RK Maribor Branik. Maribor Branik competes in the Slovenian First League of Handball and play their matches at the Tabor Hall.


Ljudski vrt stadium



Tabor Hall

City districts

The city of Maribor has 11 districts (Slovene: mestne ?etrti). The Municipality of Maribor also includes Kamnica, Pekre, Limbuš, Razvanje, Melje, Male?nik-Ruper?e and Brestrenica-Gaj. The Drava River separates the districts Center, Koroška Vrata, Melje and Ivan Cankar from the other districts of the city. The various city districts are connected by four traffic bridges, a rail bridge and a pedestrian bridge.

Architecture

Many medieval structures still stand in Maribor. Of the remains of city walls, the most prominent are the Judgement Tower, the Water Tower, and the Jewish Tower. The Maribor Cathedral was built in the Gothic style in the 13th century. The Town Hall was constructed in the Renaissance style.

The Maribor Cathedral



Piramida Hill dominates the northern border of the city. Ruins of the first Maribor castle from the 11th century and a chapel from the 19th century are also located here. The hill offers an easily accessible scenic overlook of Maribor and the countryside to the south with the Drava River.

Drava River



At the start of the 21st century, plans were made for a new modern business, residential and entertainment district, called the Drava Gate (Dravska vrata) and nicknamed Maribor Manhattan. The project includes many new exclusive residential apartments, offices and conference halls, a green and recreational space, and other structures. It also includes a 111 m (364 ft) tall skyscraper that would be the tallest building in Slovenia. Due to lack of finances, the project is currently postponed.

Drava Gate



In 2008 the Studenci Footbridge (Studenška brv) was renovated according to the design of the Ponting company. Also in 2008, during the 3rd International Footbridge Conference in Porto, this design was awarded the prestigious Footbridge Award.

Studenci Footbridge

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Maribor organised in 2010 an international architectural competition ECC Maribor 2012 – Drava 2012 to gather proposals for design and reconstruction of the Drava banks, construction of a new art gallery, and for a new footbridge. Its jury received about 400 proposals for the three different projects. The footbridge and the river embankments will be built in the near future, but the art gallery was replaced with a cultural center MAKS, which currently is under construction.

Construction of a new modern Faculty of Medicine started in 2011 near the Drava River. It was designed by architect Boris Podrecca and is expected to be completed in 2013.[needs update]

There are plans to renovate the Maribor Public Library and the Town Hall Square (Rotovški trg). In addition, the renovation of Maribor Island (Mariborski otok) in the Drava River is being planned.

Tourist attractions

Maribor has many tourist areas, attractions, and interesting events:

Lent Festival - major festival event held during approximately two weeks at the end of June. Every year the festival attracts theater, opera, ballet performers, classical, modern, and jazz musicians and dancers from all over the world, and of course many visitors. There is also mime, magic shows are being held and acrobats perform during the festival.

House of the oldest grapevine in the world (Hiša stare trte) - in Maribor is also the world's oldest living grapevine, which in 2004 was recorded in Guinness World Records. The grapevine of Žametovka is about 440 years old.

Women's slalom and giant slalom races for the Alpine Skiing World Cup known as "Zlata lisica" (The Golden Fox). This event is hold on the mountain range known as Pohorje, which is Maribor's most visited tourist place.

Maribor Island (Mariborski otok) - the oldest public bath, still important and much visited place in Maribor. At the same time Maribor offers several new indoor swimming pools (Pristan, Fontana).

Maribor Castle, Maribor Town Hall Rotovž, Betnava Castle, Plague Memorial, Maribor, ruins of the old castle Upper Maribor on Piramida Hill.

Medieval defence walls with defence towers[20] delineating the old city limits.

Wine and culinary specialities - international and Slovene cousine (mushroom soup with buckwheat mush, tripe, sour soup, sausages with Sauerkraut, cheese dumplings, apple strudel, special cheese cake called gibanica). Also many popular restaurants with Serbian cuisine.

The Vinag Wine Cellar (Vinagova vinska klet) - with 20.000 m2 surface area and 2 km (1 mi) length has 5,5 millions litres of excellent wine.

Maribor City Park (with City Aquarium and Terrarium, wide promenade, which leads to the Three Ponds (Trije ribniki) in the park containing over 100 local and foreign species of deciduous and coniferous trees).

Pohorje Adrenaline Park(Adrenalinski park Pohorje) with High Ropes Course, one track line PohorJET, summer sledding and Bike park Pohorje.

Maribor Synagogue (Sinagoga Maribor) - built in the 14th century, is in fact the second oldest synagogue of Europe. Today it serves as a centre for cultural activities and features various events such as exhibitions, concerts, literary evenings and round table discussions. The Synagogue is located in the Jewish Square (Židovski trg) of the former Jewish quarter.

Kalvarija and Piramida (well visited city hills Pyramid, Maribor) surrounded by vineyards, and ruins of old castle Upper Maribor.

Birthplace of the Austrian admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff in "Slovenska ulica" (today's "Admiral" caffe)
Pekarna alternative cultural (former squat) area next to Magdalena Park.

Nogometni Klub Maribor (English: Maribor Football Club), commonly referred to as NK Maribor or simply Maribor, is a professional football club based in Maribor, Slovenia. Founded on 12 December 1960, Maribor is one of only three football clubs in the country who have never been relegated from the Slovenian top flight 1. SNL since its establishment in 1991. They are regarded as a symbol of Slovenian football, particularly in their home region of Styria (Slovene: Štajerska) in the northeastern Slovenia.

Maribor is the most successful club in the country, having won 13 Slovenian Prva Liga titles, eight Slovenian Cups and four Slovenian Supercups. The club's most successful period was in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when they overwhelmingly dominated domestic football, winning seven successive league titles and three national cups. Following the 2008–09 season, Maribor became the dominant force in Slovenian football for the second time, having won five out of six championships since then.

Since 2011 the club also enjoys a fair amount of success in European football, reaching the UEFA Champions League or the UEFA Europa League annually.

Between 2008 and 2013 Darko Milani? has led the club to four league, three cup and two supercup titles, becoming the first coach who has won all three domestic trophies. Prior to Slovenia's independence in 1991 Maribor played in the Yugoslav football system.

They are one of only three Slovenian teams who participated in the country's highest division, Yugoslav First League, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.

Apart from winning the Yugoslav second division once and the third division five times, the club had no major success during its Yugoslav period; the closest they came to winning a major trophy was in the 1967–68 season, when they reached the semi-finals of the Yugoslav Cup. In addition, they are the only Slovenian club and one of only four clubs from the former Yugoslavia who participated in group stage of the UEFA Champions League.

They have maintained a fierce rivalry with Olimpija from the capital Ljubljana, with whom they contested the Eternal Derby (Ve?ni derbi). Their other major rivalry was against Mura from Murska Sobota and matches between the two were dubbed as the Northeastern Derby (Severovzhodni derbi).



However, both Olimpija and Mura folded and were dissolved following the 2004–05 season. In 2005 "successor" clubs, Bežigrad (later renamed to Olimpija Ljubljana) and Mura 05 were established, who regarded themselves as the continuation of the former clubs. Legally the new Olimpija Ljubljana and Mura 05 are distinct and separate clubs, and were not entitled to claim the history and honours won by their "predecessors". Although Maribor and the new Olimpija Ljubljana contest in what is regarded as the Eternal derby the rivalry is not as fierce as it was between Maribor and the dissolved club. Mura 05 folded and were dissolved following the 2012–13 season, after they have spent two successive seasons in the top division, which led to the creation of Mura. Maribor also have a loyal and passionate fan base and the club has the highest average all-time attendance in Slovenia.


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The club's home ground is the Ljudski vrt stadium, which has a capacity of 12,994. It was originally built in 1952 and later underwent a series of major reconstructions in the 1990s and 2000s. The club's Academy, which is hailed as the best in the country, is responsible for youth development at the club and has enjoyed a fair amount of success in producing promising young players. Maribor's nicknames are The Purples (Vijoli?asti) and The Violets (Vijolice), both referring to their primary colour purple. The club's motto is One club, one honour (En klub, ena ?ast).

History

Maribor football club was founded on 12 December 1960. The board of the newly established club then organized the presidential elections and Dr. Sre?ko Koren



was appointed as the first club president, while Andrija Pflander was appointed as the first head coach and Oto Blaznik as the first team captain. The club played their first match on 5 February 1961, when they defeated city rivals Kovinar 2–1 (0–0), with Stefan Toli? scoring both goals.




Although the team colours, purple and white, were chosen from the beginning, the team played its first match in a green and blue combination, as their violet jerseys were not available in time for the first match.

The team won the Slovenian Republic League (third tier of Yugoslav football) in their first season and therefore won the right to contest the qualifications for the Yugoslav Second League.

Andrija Pflander was the head coach of the team that won the Republic league. However, he had to step down from the position right before the start of the promotion play-off due to illness. His successor was Vladimir Šimuni?, the man who eventually guided the team to their promotion to the Yugoslav First League six years later.



Maribor won the first two rounds of the qualifying play-off and eventually defeated Croatian side Uljanik from Pula in the final qualifying phase with the score 2–1 on aggregate, therefore securing the right to play in the second Yugoslav division.




Crest
Maribor's crest in the 1970s

In 1961 the club received a new stadium named Ljudski vrt. On 2 September of that year football fans across Slovenia witnessed the birth of a new rivalry between Maribor and Olimpija Ljubljana.

The first match between the two clubs was played in Ljubljana and ended in a 1–1 draw. Matches between these two clubs later became known in Slovenia as the Eternal derby (Ve?ni derbi). After five seasons, the average attendance of home matches was around 8,000 spectators, and under the guidance of coach Simuni?, the club won the second division title and managed to reach the Yugoslav first league, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991.

Yugoslav top division

The club's first match in the Yugoslav top division was played in 1967 against Macedonian side Vardar in Skopje (1–1); Maras scored the only goal for Maribor. The first top level home match was played on 27 August 1967 against Proleter Zrenjanin in front of 8,000 spectators and Maribor won with the score 3–0. The goals were scored by Kranjc, Arnej?i? and Binkovski.

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During the same season, football fans across Slovenia witnessed the first ever match in the Yugoslav top flight involving two clubs from Slovenia, when Maribor hosted a match against their rivals Olimpija Ljubljana in front of 13,000 spectators (0–0). Every match between the two clubs during this period would be sold out, with crowd attendance sometimes as high as 20,000. The team finished their first season in Yugoslav top flight in 12th place.

During their five years in the top division, Maribor played a total of 166 matches and achieved 40 wins, 57 draws and 69 defeats, with a goal difference of 166–270. Maribor's highest league position was in the 1969–70 season when the club finished in 10th place in an 18-club league.

The average league placement of the club in Yugoslav top flight was 13.8. The 1971–72 season was their last season in top division as the team finished last with 20 points.

Mladen Kranjc, one of the best players in history of the club, was the best goalscorer for the team in each of its five seasons spent in the Yugoslav top division, having scored a total of 54 league goals, which eventually led to his transfer to one of the top Yugoslav clubs, Dinamo Zagreb.

In the next season, Maribor played in the second Yugoslav division and finished as the runners-up, which meant that they qualified for the Yugoslav first division promotion play-off.

In the first qualifying round against Montenegrin side Budu?nost, Maribor won on penalties and qualified for the decisive round against Proleter.

The first leg was played in Maribor on 8 July 1973, and is acknowledged as one of the most historic matches in history of the club as it still holds the club's attendance record. There were 20,000 spectators, 15,000 of whom were already present in the stands almost three hours before kick off, eventually helping Maribor win the game 3–1.

However, the two-goal advantage proved to be insufficient as Proleter won the second leg in Zrenjanin 3–0 and earned promotion with the score 4–3 on aggregate. In the second leg match when the score was 1–0 for the home team, Maribor had scored an equaliser in the 23rd minute, but the goal was disallowed. The later TV replay showed that the ball had actually crossed the goal line and that the goal should have stood.

After the dramatic play-off against Proleter, the club entered a period of stagnation. During this period Maribor were again close to promotion to top division in the 1978–79 season when they finished in second place, six points behind Bosnian side ?elik.

Bribery scandal and aftermath

At the end of 1980–1981 season Maribor were celebrating as the club managed to avoid relegation, when the "Ball" (Žoga) bribery scandal emerged, and caused the club to be relegated from second tier to third by the decision of the Football Association of Yugoslavia disciplinary committee. The club had a secret fund that was used for bribing officials and opponents.

Some club officials were keeping track of the bribery expenses in their black book, which was later confiscated by the authorities. From the book it is clear that Maribor had bribed a total of 31 people. After the scandal and the subsequent relegation to third division, Maribor spent the following years bouncing between the second and third Yugoslav leagues until the independence of Slovenia in 1991.

In 1988 Maribor joined MŠD Branik organization, to form Maribor Branik. Although the club uses only the name Maribor in domestic and international competitions it is still officially registered as NK Maribor Branik to this day. The club always had close ties to MŠD Branik as NK Branik Maribor, an association football club which was part of MŠD Branik, had been dissolved only a couple of months before Maribor was established and, many fans who had supported Branik simply switched to supporting Maribor as they viewed the club as the successor of Branik.

In October that year Mladen Kranjc was involved in a tragic motorcycle accident in Dolnja Po?ehova. Considered to be one of the best goalscorers in the history of the club, he died at the age of 43.

After independence

Following the independence of Slovenia, Slovenia's best clubs joined the newly formed Slovenian League. Maribor were one of the league's founding members, and are one of only three clubs, along with Gorica and Celje, who have never been relegated from the Slovenian top division. In the first couple of seasons, Maribor's rivals Olimpija from Ljubljana, who have had a long tradition of playing in the Yugoslav first league and at the time still had their squad composed of players from that era, dominated the league.

Although Olimpija dominated the league, Maribor still managed to win the first edition of the Slovenian Cup in 1992. The final match was played in Ljubljana at Bežigrad Stadium versus Olimpija. It ended in a goalless draw after regular time and was won by Maribor after a penalty shoot-out (4–3).

This was the first major success for Maribor. During the next season the team had their European début, appearing in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. They played their first European match on 19 August 1992, when they hosted ?amrun Spartans of Malta and won with the score 4–0.

Ante Šimundža scored the first historic goal of the match. Olimpija went on to win the first four domestic championships, until their streak was interrupted by Gorica who won it in the 1995–96 season. Maribor were runners-up in the 1991–92, 1992–93 and 1994–95 seasons, before finishing third in 1993–94 and then fourth in the 1995–96 season. During this period the club managed to win another Slovenian cup in 1993–94, defeating Mura from Murska Sobota in the final with 3–2 on aggregate.


The UEFA Champions League lineup, that defeated Dynamo Kyiv 1–0 in Kiev.

The 1996–97 season proved to be the turning point in the history of Maribor. The club stormed the Slovenian league and became national champions for the first time in their history. During this season average home attendance was 5,289 spectators, which is still a record in the Slovenian League. The final match of the season was played on 1 June 1997, against Beltinci and attracted a crowd of 14,000, which is also a record of the Slovenian top league.

In that season Maribor also won the 1996–97 Slovenian Cup, thus winning the domestic Double, a feat also repeated in the 1998–99 season. After their first title in 1996–97 Maribor went on to win six more titles, bringing their total number to seven consecutive titles by 2003. During this period the team also won three Slovenian cups and in the 1999–2000 season, the club, led by head coach Bojan Prašnikar, managed to defeated Genk of Belgium (5–1, 0–3) and French powerhouse Lyon (1–0, 2–0) and qualify for the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions league.



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Maribor were drawn into the same group with Dynamo Kiev, Bayer Leverkusen and Lazio. To date, Maribor is one of only four clubs (along with Dinamo Zagreb, Partizan and Hajduk Split) from the former SFR Yugoslavia who participated in UEFA Champions League group stages since the breakup of the country in 1991.

Financial difficulties

The 2003–04 Slovenian Cup was the last trophy won by Maribor before the darkest era of the club began. Between 2004 and 2008, the club was plagued by financial difficulties, and Maribor even came close to being disbanded at one point. However, the club did not follow their rivals Olimpija Ljubljana and Mura on that path.

Due to their large debts, which at one point amounted to 4 million euros, the club could not afford to buy new players. As a consequence, the first team at the time consisted mostly of youth players mixed with a couple of foreign players brought to the club on free transfers. In the autumn of 2006, the leadership of the club changed, with the debt still amounting to over 3 million euros, and it was not until January 2011 that the club announced that the debt had been paid in full.

During this period, Maribor never finished above third place in the Slovenian league, and were runners-up in the Slovenian Cup twice. They were, however, one of the 11 winners of the 2006 UEFA Intertoto Cup, in which they defeated Spanish side Villarreal in the final round, only a couple of months after Villareal had played in the semi-final of the UEFA Champions League.

Current status

From the 2007–08 season onwards, Slovenian football legends Zlatko Zahovi? as the sport director, and soon afterwards, Darko Milani? as the head coach, and club legend Ante Šimundža as the assistant coach, were appointed to head the club's sports department.

On 10 May 2008, the club re-opened the renovated Ljudski vrt, which had undergone a major reconstruction that lasted almost 20 months. The first match played in the newly refurbished stadium was a league match against Nafta and was won 3–1 in front of 12,435 spectators.

At the start of 2008–09 season, Maribor entered history books as the first club who won 1,000 points in the Slovenian top division, after a 2–1 away win against Rudar Velenje on 26 July 2008.

Under the guidance of head coach Darko Milani?, Maribor won all three domestic trophies available to them (the Slovenian League, Cup, and Supercup) in only two seasons with the club, thus becoming the first coach with all three domestic trophies won in Slovenian football.

On 12 December 2010, the club celebrated its 50th anniversary.With the 2–1 away victory over Primorje, on 21 May 2011, Maribor secured its ninth Slovenian league title. Four days later the team played the Slovenian cup final at Stožice stadium and lost to Domžale 4–3.

Darko Milani?

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At the start of the 2011–12 season, Maribor played in the 2011 Slovenian Supercup against Domžale on 8 July 2012 and lost with the score 2–1 after regulation. This was the second consecutive loss for Maribor against Domžale in domestic cup finals in five weeks, after losing the Slovenian cup in May 2011. In August 2011, Maribor defeated Rangers and qualified for the group stages of the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League. They managed to get one point in six matches, holding S.C. Braga to a draw at the home turf.

This season, Maribor won their tenth league title with a record numbers of points (85). The league title was confirmed in the game against Triglav Kranj on 22 April 2012 with an 8–0 win.

Furthermore, they won the Slovenian domestic cup on 23 May 2012 by defeating their Styrian rivals Celje after penalties, securing their seventh cup title. This was the third time that Maribor managed to win The Double and the first time since the 1998–99 season.

At the beginning of the 2012–13 season, Maribor played in their fourth successive Supercup final. The match was played on 8 July 2012 at the Ljudski vrt stadium. Unlike in the previous two seasons, when the club finished as the runners-up, they managed to win it this time, beating their "eternal rivals" Olimpija 2–1.

This was their second Supercup title. They qualified to the group stages of the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League as one of the losers in the play-off round of the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League, where they were eliminated by Dinamo Zagreb.

This was the second season in a row, in which Maribor qualified to the Europa League main stages. They managed to get four points this time, defeating Panathinaikos and drawing with Tottenham Hotspur,both at home. Maribor confirmed their 11th league title on 11 May 2013, when they defeated their eternal rivals Olimpija Ljubljana 2–1. They again defeated Celje in the 2013 Cup Final, securing their fourth Double in the history.


In the 2013–14 season, Maribor qualified to the group stages of the Europa League for the third consecutive time after losing to Viktoria Plze? in the Champions League play-off stage. This time, the team progressed through the group stages for the first time after defeating Wigan Athletic 2–1 in the final match.] In the Round of 32, they were eliminated by Sevilla with an aggregate score of 4–3. Maribor qualified for the UEFA Champions League group stages for the second time in their history on 26 August 2014, after they eliminated Scottish club Celtic with an aggregate score of 2–1.

Social identity

Throughout the entire history of Maribor the club's main colour was purple. At the beginning of the club some officials were favouring the red and white colours, while the traditional colours of Branik were black and white. Because of the fact that many football teams in SFR Yugoslavia wore red-white or black-white jerseys, most notably Crvena Zvezda and Partizan, Maribor officials decided for a new and fresh combination. They decided to follow the example of Fiorentina, which at the time was one of the most successful clubs in Europe, and their purple and white combination.Oto Blaznik, the first captain in history of the club, was the one who proposed the combination after seeing the Italian side play. Eventually they changed the secondary colour to yellow. Today Maribor play their home matches in purple and away matches in yellow kits. The team is nicknamed The Purples (Vijoli?asti) another common nickname is The Violets (Vijolice), both referring to their primary colour purple, present on players' jerseys and in the club crest. The club is also continuously referred to as the Pride of Styria (Štajerski ponos) and as The Viole, the latter being popular predominantly in the region of the former Yugoslavia. Maribors' current kit manufacturer is Adidas.

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Crest

The badge of the club is one of the most recognizable sport symbols in Slovenia. It is based on the official emblem of the city of Maribor, which is turn based on a 14th-century seal with minor differences. The badge is formed in a shape of a shield, and shows the former Piramida Castle with open doors that used to stand on top of the Pyramid Hill before it was demolished at the end of the 18th century.

A violet blossom forms the backdrop. Unlike the coat of arms of the city of Maribor, the current badge of the club does not represent a white dove facing downwards to the castle but an athlete. At the top of the shield the name of the club and the year of its foundation is inscribed. The entire badge uses only two colours, purple and yellow. Previous versions of the crest included the colour white, a traditional third colour of the club, in the form of a white castle in the centre and a white ball that was on top of the shield. Since May 2012, the official badge includes a yellow star above the crest, which indicates the first 10 Slovenian League titles won by the club.

Stadium

The Ljudski vrt (English: People's Garden, German: Volksgarten) stadium is the only stadium in Maribor that lies on the left bank of the river Drava. The stadium is a natural, cultural, architectural and sports landmark of the city. The stadium is named after a public park previously located in the area. A cemetery was also located on the same area before the stadium was built.

The stadium was opened in 1952 and underwent a major reconstruction in the early 1960s. The club first started to compete in the Ljudski vrt in 1961, when the current main stand was still under construction. The stand is notable for its 129.8 metres long and 18.4 m high concrete arch and is still the main stand of the stadium. In 1994 floodlights were installed and the stadium hosted its first evening match. Since then the stadium went through several renovations. The most notable was the one in 2008 when the stadium was completely refurbished. Presently, it has a capacity of 12,994 seats.

Beside being the home ground of Maribor, the stadium also hosts matches of the Slovenia national football team and was their main venue used for the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifying matches. It was one of two stadiums in the country which hosted the national team in UEFA Euro 2012 qualifiers.

The record attendance in the Yugoslav era was 20,000 spectators, while the record for a Slovenian League match is 14,000 spectators, achieved on the last match of the 1996–97 season. This match is still the record holder for attendance at a football match in Slovenian League.

Supporters

Since their inception in 1960, Maribor have developed a loyal, passionate and dedicated fanbase and Maribor's fans are considered the best in the country. After Slovenia declared independence in 1991, most of the town's industry perished and over 25% of the population was unemployed. Still, the people remained loyal to the club. The club is by far the most popular football team in the country and is, in number of football supporters, second only to the Slovenia national football team. Besides the city of Maribor and the surrounding area, the club also has a large fan base in the regions of Styria (Štajerska) and Carinthia.

A small number of supporters are also present in Ilirska Bistrica in the Slovenian Littoral (Primorska). Soon after the foundation of Maribor, the club was branded as the citizens club, while their city rivals Železni?ar Maribor has always been branded as the club of the working class. This was mainly because Maribor was seen, by the fans, as the successor of Branik Maribor, a club that folded in 1960. Many fans of Branik then started to cheer for Maribor, a club that was founded only couple of months later.

Since the establishment of the Slovenian league, PrvaLiga, Maribor had the highest average attendance in almost every season to date (19 out of 23), and, overall, had more spectators on its home matches than the second and third most viewed clubs in the league combined.

The highest attendance was in the 1996–97 season, when on average 5,289 people attended Maribor's matches, which is still a record in Slovenian club football. To date, Maribor is the only team in Slovenian league that gathered over 10,000 people during their league matches, achieving that number on several occasions. The highest attendance ever on a Slovenian league match was on 1 June 1997, when Maribor played against Beltinci (14,000). In addition, they are the only club that gathered over one million people on their matches in Slovenian league, since its foundation in 1991.


In April 2013 the club began with a project Base1960 (Baza1960), a joint project of Maribor and their fans with the goal of spreading fan awareness and loyalty towards the club and to establish violet bases (Vijo'l?ne baze) throughout the country, where Maribor fans would be able to hang out.

The bases are usually pubs that were already gathering points for Maribor fans in the past. With the status of the official violet base, those pubs are now able to sell tickets for Maribor's home and away matches and official fan merchandise or to organize fan zones during Maribor's matches broadcast on television. Ljudski vrt is regarded as the main base, with 10 others across the eastern part of Slovenia opened as of November 2014. The first violet base was opened on 29 April 2013 in Dravski Dvor, a small settlement couple of kilometers to the southeast of Maribor.Of the current 10 bases, nine are located in Styria and one in Carinthia.

The club also has an ultras group called Viole Maribor established in 1989 which is, by numbers and organization, considered the biggest in Slovenia.[89] An apolitical group, the core of Viole consists of around 250 members, while the whole group has around 1,000 registered members. They are located on the southern stand of the stadium which has a capacity of just over 2,000. The most Maribor fans gathered on an away match in domestic competitions was in 2001, when 3,000 fans gathered in Ljubljana, while the most fans gathered on an away match abroad was in 2014 during the club's UEFA Champions League campaign, when 1,500 fans gathered in London. Their biggest rivals are the Green Dragons of Olimpija Ljubljana. Since early 2000s another fan group emerged to support Maribor at their matches. The group is called ESS (East Side Supporters) and consists mostly of former members of Viole Maribor, now season tickets holders. They are, as the name implies, located at the east stand of the stadium.

Eternal derby

Maribor's biggest rivalry was with Olimpija Ljubljana, against whom they contested the Eternal derby (Ve?ni derbi). Olimpija folded and was dissolved in 2004. Today, the continuation of the rivalry is considered (by certain Ljubljana based media and fans, mostly of the old Olimpija), as the matches between Maribor and the new Olimpija Ljubljana, established in 2005 as NK Bežigrad. The rivalry traced its roots back to the early 1960s, when the first match between the two clubs was played.The two teams represented the two largest cities in Slovenia, the capital city of Ljubljana and the second largest city Maribor, and both teams always had the largest fan bases in the country. Traditionally, Ljubljana represents the richer western part of the country, while Maribor is the center of the poorer eastern part.In addition, Ljubljana was always the cultural, educational, economic and political center of the country and Olimpija and its fans were considered as the representatives of the upper class. Maribor, on the other hand, was one of the most industrialized cities in Yugoslavia, and the majority of its fans were the representatives of the working class, which means that the rivalry usually had political, social, and cultural tensions as well.

The old rivalry reached its peak in the final round of 2000–01 season, when one of the most celebrated matches in Slovenian League history was played, Olimpija Ljubljana met Maribor at their home stadium, Bežigrad. Both teams were competing for their fifth Slovenian League title.

The home team needed a win for the title, while a draw was enough for Maribor. The atmosphere was electric days before the kick-off, and the stadium with a capacity of 8,500 was completely sold out. At the end, the match ended with a draw (1–1) and Maribor started to celebrate their fifth consecutive title in front of 3,000 of their fans that gathered in Ljubljana that day.

An additional intensity to the rivalry is the fact that both Maribor and Olimpija always had support on their matches from ultras groups, called Viole Maribor supporting Maribor, and the Green Dragons who support Olimpija. The two groups are the largest in the country, and it is not uncommon that the matches between the two clubs were sometimes interrupted by violent clashes between the two groups or with the police. On many occasions, before or after the matches, the fans of the two clubs would also meet up and fight on the streets. One of the worst incidents, in April 2010 after a match, resulted in a stabbing of a member of the Green Dragons who, with a group of friends, got into a fight with members of the Viole in Ljubljana's railway station. However, to date, there have not been any fatalities in the country related to football violence.

Because the new Olimpija is supported by most of the fans of the previous Olimpija, including their ultras group, the Green Dragons, who have a long-standing rivalry with Maribor's own ultras group Viole Maribor, many see the matches between Maribor and the new club as the continuation of the rivalry and refer to it by the same name. However, there are many fans, either the ones from Maribor or the ones from Ljubljana, that do not share the same view and do not share similar beliefs, including part of the media such as RTV Slovenija and Ve?er.

The overall statistics of the old and the new Olimpija are tracked separately by the Football Association of Slovenia and the Association of 1. SNL. The first match between Maribor and the new Olimpija took place on 24 October 2007 on a Slovenian cup quarter-final match that was won by Maribor, 3–1.

At the time Olimpija was still competing under the name Olimpija Bežigrad.Statistically, Maribor is the more successful club either in the case of matches only from the period from 1962 to 2005 or the whole period from 1962 to present day. Maribor is also much more successful in case of the matches against Olimpija, established in 2005 as Bežigrad.

Northeastern derby

The other major rivalry of the club was that against Mura from Murska Sobota. Similar to Olimpija, Mura also folded and was dissolved in 2004 and today the continuation of the rivalry is considered as the matches between Maribor and NŠ Mura, established in 2012, who consider themselves, together with the fans of the old Mura, as the spiritual continuation of the 2004 and 2013 dissolved clubs. The match between the two clubs was first played in 1967 in the time of SFR Yugoslavia. Although the first match was played in the late 1960s it was not until the independence of Slovenia in 1991 when most of the matches were played. Before the establishment of the 1. SNL in 1991 both clubs had never played together in the top division and the rivalry became apparent only after the independence of Slovenia, when both clubs were among the top teams of the newly established national league. Mura comes from a small, rural town of Murska Sobota in eastern Slovenia which is the center of the poorest region in the country, Prekmurje. Prekmurje was, for about a thousand years, part of the Kingdom of Hungary, unlike other Slovene Lands. It therefore maintains certain specific linguistic, cultural and religious features that differentiate it from other traditional Slovenian regions.

The Mura river, which runs on the border between Styria (Štajerska), the capital of which is Maribor, and Prekmurje was therefore not just a natural barrier, but political as well. During the 1990s and early 2000s the two clubs were the most successful and popular teams in the eastern part of the country. The rivalry reached its peak in 2003–04 season when Mura hosted Maribor at home in the final round of the season. Before the match Maribor was leading the table and was close in winning their eighth consecutive title while the mid table position of Mura was predetermined before the final round. However, Mura won the match 2–1 and Maribor eventually finished the season on third place, losing the title by two points.





Mura also has support during their matches from their ultras group, named the Black Gringos. Statistically, both teams always enjoyed one of the biggest attendances on their matches and, in term of numbers, both teams had one of the largest fan bases in the country. The fact that Prekmurje is one of the smallest and least populated regions in Slovenia has made Mura's fans labeled, by the general public, as one of the most loyal in the country. Even while playing in the lower tier of Slovenian football, Mura 05 still had a higher average attendances than most of the first division clubs. Statistically, Maribor is the more successful club, considering either the case of matches from the period from 1967 to 2005, or the whole period from 1967 to present day.

Honours

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Yugoslavia

League

Yugoslav Second League:

Winners (1): 1966–67
Runners-up (3): 1963–64, 1972–73, 1978–79

Yugoslav Third League:

Winners (5): 1960–61, 1975–76, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86
Runners-up (1): 1987–88

Cup

Yugoslav Cup

Semi-finalists (1): 1967–68

Slovenian Republic Cup:

Winners (13): 1961, 1966, 1967, 1972–73, 1973–74, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1988–89
Runners-up (8): 1963, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1983–84, 1986–87

Slovenia

League

Slovenian First League:

Winners (13): 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2002–03, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15
Runners-up (4): 1991–92, 1992–93, 1994–95, 2009–10

Cup

Slovenian Cup:

Winners (8): 1991–92, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99, 2003–04, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13
Runners-up (4): 2006–07, 2007–08, 2010–11, 2013–14

Slovenian Supercup:

Winners (4): 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014
Runners-up (3): 2010, 2011, 2015

Doubles and Trebles

The Double (League and Cup):

Winners (4): 1996–97, 1998–99, 2011–12, 2012–13 (as part of the Treble)

The Treble (League, Cup and Supercup):

Winners (1): 2012–13

Maribor's tally of 13 Slovenian Championshipsand the total of eight Slovenian Cup titles[146] is the highest in Slovenian football. Maribor holds the record for most consecutive league titles (7 and 5 respectively), ahead of Olimpija and Gorica. They are also the only team in the country that has achieved the Slovenian Championship and the Slovenian Cup doubles on more than one occasion. In addition, they are the only club who has won the Slovenian version of the treble, having won the league, cup and supercup during the 2012–13 season. On their official website, UEFA states that Maribor has won one international cup, as Maribor was one of the winners of the UEFA Intertoto Cup in 2006. However, the trophy itself was awarded to Newcastle United, the team that advanced farthest in the UEFA competitions that season. Maribor have the best top-flight record in history, having finished below fourth place only once. Maribor also have the highest average league finishing position for the Slovenian league, with an average league placing of 2,0. In addition, they were the first team to win 1,000 points in Slovenian top flight, achieving that with a 2–1 away victory against Rudar Velenje on 26 July 2008.

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Youth Academy

Maribor's Academy is responsible for youth development at the club, with the goal of developing young players for the future. The academy is hailed as the best in Slovenia and has been enjoying a fair amount of success in producing promising young players. The academy is composed of ten youth selections, ranging from U19 to U7, with over 220 youth players in the system who are trained by professional staff within the club. The vision of the club and its youth system is not only to produce new players but also to prepare young children for the future and life without football.

Therefore, each child who wants to be a member of the academy must also be successful not only on the football field but also in the field of education. During the last few years the club has also spread the football school activities to primary schools in the city of Maribor and the surrounding area, in the form of circles, where as part of the Children's Football School around 300 of the youngest footballers train.



Since the independence of Slovenia in 1991 and the establishment of Maribor's youth system in its present form, the academy has been the most successful in the country. U19 team holds the record for most titles than any other team, having won six times. The same team has also won three U19 Cups and is therefore the most triumphant team in their category.

Other teams are equally successful as U17 holds the record for most titles (five), while the U15 team holds the record with five titles in their own category. Even younger selections of the club also play in top-flight of their respective age categories and share similar success. In addition, Maribor's youth squads are the only ones in the country that were able to achieve league victories in the four highest youth levels (U19, U17, U14 and U12) during the course of one season.

Maribor's youth selections give, on average, at least 15 players per season to the Slovenia national football team selections and players from the academy are continuously tracked by top European clubs. In 2012, a record eight Maribor players were called to the Slovenia national under-17 football team for the 2012 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship.